Description: This material is from the book Java Web Services Architecture, written by James McGovern, Sameer Tyagi, Michael Stevens, and Sunil Mathew, published by Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. In our last article, we have examined the properties, transactions, and specifications for transaction managers in the current Java/J2EE environment. Most, if not all, of today's Java transaction managers implement the flat transaction model, in compliance with JTA and/or JTS.