Description: In web applications, client-side programming is usually written in HTML meanwhile the application servers, the middle tier in three-tier client/server architecture, are usually written in C++ or Java. By using a scripting language embedded in HTML, web servers act as translation layers that allow for communication between the client and server layers. Application servers perform the in-house work of analyzing site traffic and creating personalized pages based on dynamic data such as user history and behavior on previous visits to web sites.